User:Sbb/Sandbox/Maths

Does anyone know precisely what causes phantom scrollbars in <math display=block>?

$$1.\qquad J^{-1}={\begin{pmatrix}{\dfrac {x}{r}}&{\dfrac {y}{r}}&{\dfrac {z}{r}}\\\\{\dfrac {xz}{r^{2}{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}}}&{\dfrac {yz}{r^{2}{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}}}&{\dfrac {-(x^{2}+y^{2})}{r^{2}{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}}}\\\\{\dfrac {-y}{x^{2}+y^{2}}}&{\dfrac {x}{x^{2}+y^{2}}}&0\end{pmatrix}}.$$

$$2.\qquad {\begin{aligned}{\frac {d}{dx}}[\sin(x)+C]&={\frac {d}{dx}}\sin(x)+{\frac {d}{dx}}C\\&=\cos(x)+0\\&=\cos(x)\end{aligned}}$$

$$3.\qquad {\begin{aligned}\langle -\Delta f,f\rangle _{L^{2}}&=-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f''(x){\overline {f(x)}}\,dx\\[5pt]&=-\left[f'(x){\overline {f(x)}}\right]_{-\infty }^{\infty }+\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f'(x){\overline {f'(x)}}\,dx\\[5pt]&=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\vert f'(x)\vert ^{2}\,dx\geq 0.\end{aligned}}$$

$$4.\qquad {\begin{aligned}\ln(z)&={\frac {(z-1)^{1}}{1}}-{\frac {(z-1)^{2}}{2}}+{\frac {(z-1)^{3}}{3}}-{\frac {(z-1)^{4}}{4}}+\cdots \\&=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{k+1}{\frac {(z-1)^{k}}{k}}\end{aligned}}$$

$$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$$

$$6.\qquad n!_{(\alpha )}={\begin{cases}n\cdot (n-\alpha )!_{(\alpha )}&{\text{ if }}n>\alpha \,;\\n&{\text{ if }}1\leq n\leq \alpha \,;{\text{and}}\\(n+\alpha )!_{(\alpha )}/(n+\alpha )&{\text{ if }}n\leq 0{\text{ and is not a negative multiple of }}\alpha \,;\end{cases}}$$

$$7.\qquad {\begin{aligned}\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin t}{t}}\,dt&=\lim _{s\to 0}\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-st}{\frac {\sin t}{t}}\,dt=\lim _{s\to 0}{\mathcal {L}}\left[{\frac {\sin t}{t}}\right]\\[6pt]&=\lim _{s\to 0}\int _{s}^{\infty }{\frac {du}{u^{2}+1}}=\lim _{s\to 0}\arctan u{\Biggr |}_{s}^{\infty }\\[6pt]&=\lim _{s\to 0}\left[{\frac {\pi }{2}}-\arctan(s)\right]={\frac {\pi }{2}}.\end{aligned}}$$

$$8.\qquad {\begin{aligned}\int {\sqrt {a^{2}+x^{2}}}\,dx&={\frac {a^{2}}{2}}(\sec \theta \tan \theta +\ln |\sec \theta +\tan \theta |)+C\\[6pt]&={\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\left({\sqrt {1+{\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}}}\cdot {\frac {x}{a}}+\ln \left|{\sqrt {1+{\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}}}+{\frac {x}{a}}\right|\right)+C\\[6pt]&={\frac {1}{2}}\left(x{\sqrt {a^{2}+x^{2}}}+a^{2}\ln \left|{\frac {x+{\sqrt {a^{2}+x^{2}}}}{a}}\right|\right)+C.\end{aligned}}$$

In my browser, they not only cause an eyesore, but also hijack my mouse scrollwheel/touchpad scoll gesture so that it only scrolls the math container box rather than the whole page. It's incredibly frustrating.

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A: Eq 5, colon-indented w/out blank lines

$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$

before or after.

B: Eq 5, colon-indented w/ blank line after, close before:

$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$

C: Eq 5, colon-indented w/ blank line before...

$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$

... and close after.

D: Eq 5, disp=block w/out blank lines $$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$$ before or after.

E: Eq 5, disp=block w/ blank line after, close before: $$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$$

F: Eq 5, disp=block w/ blank line before...

$$5.\qquad {\begin{aligned}t'&=\gamma \left(t-{\frac {vx}{c^{2}}}\right),\\[2pt]x'&=\gamma \left(x-vt\right).\end{aligned}}$$ ... and close after.