Type 3c diabetes
| Type 3c diabetes |
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Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases,[1] involving the endocrine and exocrine (digestive) functions of the pancreas. It also occurs following surgical removal of the pancreas.
Around 5–10% of cases of diabetes in the Western world are related to pancreatic diseases. Chronic pancreatitis is most often the cause.[1][2]
Presentation
[edit]The symptoms of Type 3c diabetes are the same as other forms of diabetes. They include:[citation needed]
- Increased thirst (polydipsia) and dry mouth.
- Frequent urination.
- Fatigue.
- Blurred vision.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Numbness or tingling in hands or feet.
- Slow-healing sores or cuts.
- Frequent skin and/or vaginal yeast infections.
People with Type 3c diabetes typically also have symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which include:[citation needed]
- Abdominal pain, gas and bloating.
- Constipation.
- Diarrhoea.
- Fatty stools (pale, oily, foul-smelling faeces that float).
- Unexplained weight loss.
The same complications that occur for other types of diabetics (type 1 and type 2) may occur for type 3c diabetics. These include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Patients with this condition are advised to follow the same risk-reduction guidelines as the other diabetics do and keep blood sugars as normal as possible to minimize any complications.[citation needed]
Cause
[edit]There are multiple causes. Some of which identified are:
- Pancreatic disease
- Pancreatic resection
- Chronic pancreatitis (caused by exocrine insufficiency, maldigestion, and malnutrition).[3]
- Lacking genes in the E2F group.[4]
Diagnosis
[edit]| Diagnostic Criteria for T3cDM |
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Major criteria (all must be fulfilled):
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| Minor Criteria: |
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Management
[edit]The condition can be managed by many factors.[citation needed]
Medications
[edit]Medications such as insulin may be given in order to lower blood sugars. For not so high blood sugars, oral treatments in the form of a pill or capsule may be given.
Usually, insulin requirements are lower than in type 1 diabetes (SAID).[5] However, therapeutic challenges may arise from the fact that hypoglycaemia is a common complication, owing to the lack of alpha cells.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 Ewald, Nils; Hardt, Philip D (2013-11-14). "Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (42): 7276–7281. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7276. ISSN 1007-9327. PMC 3831209. PMID 24259958.
- ↑ Hart, PA; Bellin, MD; Andersen, DK; Bradley, D; Cruz-Monserrate, Z; Forsmark, CE; Goodarzi, MO; Habtezion, A; Korc, M; Kudva, YC; Pandol, SJ; Yadav, D; Chari, ST; Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic, Cancer(CPDPC). (November 2016). "Type 3c (pancreatogenic) diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer". The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1 (3): 226–237. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30106-6. PMC 5495015. PMID 28404095.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Diabetes in Chronic Pancreatitis". Medscape. Anand R. Gupte and Chris E. Forsmark. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
- ↑ "Study shows molecular mechanism behind type 3c pancreatic diabetes". News Medical. August 29, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- 1 2 Quast, Daniel Robert; Breuer, Thomas Georg Karl; Nauck, Michael Albrecht; Janot-Matuschek, Monika; Uhl, Waldemar; Meier, Juris Jendrik (April 2021). "Insulinbedarf und Glukosehomöostase bei Menschen nach partieller und totaler Pankreatektomie im Vergleich zu Menschen mit anderen Diabetesformen". Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 16 (2): 130–140. doi:10.1055/a-1344-0323. S2CID 233938736.