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Comparison of Linux distributions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, including how quickly security upgrades are available; ease of package management; and number of packages available.

These tables compare notable distribution's latest stable release on wide-ranging objective criteria. It does not cover each operating system's subjective merits, branches marked as unstable or beta, nor compare Linux distributions with other operating systems.

General

[edit]

The table below shows general information about the distributions: founder or producer, maintainer, release date, the latest version, etc.

Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation[1] are marked 100% Free under the System distribution commitment column.[relevant?]

  1. ↑ Debian releases are officially supported for 1 year after the subsequent release, with releases being approximately 2 years apart. The Debian LTS Project provides community based support extending the complete support period to 5 years.
  2. ↑ Default ISOs included non-free software
  3. ↑ Security updates are released every six weeks.

Technical

[edit]

The table below shows the default file system, but many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. It is possible to install Linux onto most of these file systems. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3, and ext4 are based on the original Linux file system.

File systems have been developed by companies to meet their specific needs, by hobbyists, or adapted from Unix, Microsoft Windows, and other operating systems. Linux has full support for XFS and JFS, FAT (the DOS file system), and HFS, the main file system for the Macintosh. Support for Microsoft Windows NT's NTFS file system has been developed and is now comparable with other native Unix file systems. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs' ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF) are supported.

Unlike other operating systems, Linux and Unix allow any file system regardless of the medium it is stored on, whether that medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk (CD, DVD, etc.), a USB flash memory key, or even contained within a file located on another file system. Similarly, many C compilers (mainly GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)), init systems (mainly sysvinit), desktop environments and window managers are widely supported.

Instruction set architecture support

[edit]

Linux kernel portability to instruction set architectures other than x86, was an early feature added to the kernel.

Package management and installation

[edit]

Information on features in the distributions. Package numbers are only approximate. Some distributions like Debian tend to separate tools into different packages – usually stable release, development release, documentation and debug. Also counting the source package number varies. For Debian and RPM Package Manager (RPM) based entries it is just the base to produce binary packages, so the total number of packages is the number of binary packages. For Arch based entries, it is additional.

Live media

[edit]

Security features

[edit]

Apple Silicon support

[edit]
Distribution Direct install Working virtualisation Community version
Kali Unknown Yes[291] N/a
Ubuntu Unknown Yes[292] N/a
Fedora Unknown Yes[293] N/a
Red Hat Unknown Yes[294] N/a

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Based on Debian
  2. ↑ Based on Fedora
  3. ↑ Based on Fedora
  4. ↑ Based on Debian
  5. ↑ From the Sources.gz files in the main, contrib and non-free sections of Debian Buster. On the 2020-06-12, Debian Sid, the development release, have 31717 source packages.
  6. ↑ Based on Debian
  7. ↑ Note this number is just of packages in the Official Gentoo Overlay (or Portage Tree). Several hundred other packages are available from other overlays
  8. ↑ Can be installed graphically (GTK+ and ncurses), but traditionally done by command line (install cd, live cd, netboot, and from distributions).
  9. ↑ Based on Debian
  10. ↑ Based on Debian
  11. ↑ Based on AUR
  12. ↑ Based on Debian
  13. ↑ Based on Debian
  14. ↑ Based on Debian
  15. ↑ Based on Debian
  16. ↑ Based on Gentoo
  17. ↑ Based on Fedora
  18. ↑ Based on Debian
  19. ↑ From the Sources.gz files in the main, contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2015-11-21, Debian Sid, the development release, have 24757 source packages.
  20. ↑ Based on Debian
  21. ↑ From the Sources.gz files in the main, universe, multiverse and restricted sections of Ubuntu Wily
  22. ↑ Based on Debian
  23. ↑ Based on Debian
  24. ↑ Based on Ubuntu

References

[edit]
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  231. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "All Debian packages in "sid"" (TXT). Packages.debian.org. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
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  233. ↑ "The Chakra Project - Packages". Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  234. ↑ "Chakra | CCR (en) -Home". ccr.chakralinux.org. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  235. ↑ "Fedora Packages". packages.fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  236. ↑ "Home - src.fedoraproject.org". src.fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  237. ↑ eix -- -bin$ command, Gentoo Linux (8 April 2025)
  238. ↑ "Search Results for -bin". packages.gentoo.org. Gentoo Foundation, Inc. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 8 April 2025.
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  241. ↑ "Invoking guix system". 15 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  242. ↑ "GNU Guix 1.1.0 released". 15 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
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  244. ↑ "Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre packages". Retrieved 18 April 2023.
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  246. ↑ "Build system status". Pkgsubmit.mageia.org. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  247. ↑ "Calamares – The universal installer framework". Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  248. ↑ "Graphical Software Managers - Manjaro Linux". Wiki.manjaro.org. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  249. ↑ "Hydra - Evaluation 1806590 of jobset nixpkgs:trunk".
  250. ↑ "Nixpkgs unstable repository information - Repology". Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  251. ↑ "Netboot - NixOS Wiki".
  252. ↑ "Nix - NixOS 22.05 manual".
  253. ↑ "OpenELEC.tv/packages at master · OpenELEC/OpenELEC.tv · GitHub". Github.com. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  254. ↑ "openSUSE Software". software.opensuse.org. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  255. ↑ "Parabola GNU/Linux-libre - Package Search". Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  256. ↑ "EPEL". FedoraProject. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  257. ↑ "SlackBuilds.org". slackbuilds.org.
  258. ↑ found this in /usr/lib/setup/setup
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  260. ↑ "Builder". Tiny SliTaz. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  261. ↑ "All Trisquel Packages in "belenos"". Trisquel. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
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  263. ↑ "Index of /alpine/latest-stable/releases/x86_64/". 5 December 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
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  270. ↑ "Download gNewSense 4". Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
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  273. ↑ "Pentoo Development Website". Archived from the original on 8 January 2010.
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  291. ↑ "Get Kali".
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  293. ↑ "Fedora Workstation". 29 October 2024.
  294. ↑ "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer". 2 May 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2025.
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