Auva language
| Auva | |
|---|---|
| Alva, Auwa | |
| Pronunciation | [ɔ˥ va̱˨˩] |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Wendong Wa Ethnic Township, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
Auva (Auva pronunciation: [ɔ˥ va̱˨˩] "human being") or Alva, Auwa[1][2] is an Northern Angkuic language of Yunnan, China.[3] Its speakers are an unclassified ethnic minority; the Chinese government counts the Auva speakers as members of the Bulang nationality, but the Angkuic languages are not intelligible with Bulang.[4]
Auva speakers refer to themselves as [va̱˨˩] or [ɔ˥ va̱˨˩], which are cognates to the U autonym uʔ⁵⁵ ("human being") and other Angkuic languages. Neighboring atonal Waic speakers, who are classified as ethnic Wa, call the Auva as vaʔ.[3]
Sociolinguistics
[edit]Auva and Waic speakers resides in the same village clusters of Wendong Wa Ethnic Township, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan. Despite both being Palaungic languages, the two are mutually unintelligible and are classified as separate ethnic groups, Blang and Wa, respectively.[3]
Auva is closely related to U, together forming a Northern Angkuic dialect chain scattered across West-Central Yunnan. Individual lects are undergoing rapid diversification.[5]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]Onsets
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-) Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | ||||||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t | ʈ͡ʂ | t͡ɕ | k | q | ʔ | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈ͡ʂʰ | t͡ɕʰ | kʰ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | g | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | ɬ | s | ʂ | ɕ | h | ||
| voiced | v | ʐ | ʑ | ||||||
| Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ȵ̥ | ŋ̥ | ||||
| voiced | m | n | ȵ | ŋ | |||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||
| Rhotic | r | ɻ | |||||||
Codas
[edit]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Glide | u̯ | i̯ |
Vowels
[edit]Unlike the neighboring Waic language, Auva vowels have both lax and tense quality. Creaky voice is reported by Hsiu (2015), but there is no available example. The source lists Auva diphthongs as follows: /au ua ue uə uo ui iə ia ɤi ei ɔi/.[6]
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | tense | plain | tense | plain | tense | |
| Close | i | i̠ | u | u̠ | ||
| Close-mid | e | e̠ | ɤ | ɤ̠ | o | o̠ |
| Mid | ə | |||||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɛ̠ | ɔ | ɔ̠ | ||
| Open | æ̠ | a | a̠ | |||
Suprasegmentals (tones)
[edit]Auva has at least five or six tones according to the sources: /55/, /51/, 35/, /33/, /21/, and /13/.[6]
Lexicon
[edit]Pronouns
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ʔau⁵⁵ | ʔɤi⁵⁵ |
| 2nd person | mi⁵¹ | pʰɤi⁵⁵ |
| 3rd person | ʔɤt⁵⁵ | kɤi³¹ |
Numerals
[edit]Note: loan words are not displayed.
| Gloss | Auva | proto-Palaungic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ma²¹ | *moːh |
| 2 | ʔa⁵¹ | *ləʔaːr |
| 3 | ʔuei⁵¹ | *ləʔɔːj |
| 4 | (Tai loan) | *poːn |
| 5 | – | *pəsan |
| 6 | – | *tɔːl |
| 7 | – | *təpuːl |
| 8 | – | *taːʔ |
| 9 | – | *tiːm |
| 10 | – | *kɤːl |
| 100 | pak¹³ | *prjah |
| 1000 | r̥eŋ⁵⁵ | *sreːŋ |
Flora & colors
[edit]| Gloss | Auva | proto-Palaungic |
|---|---|---|
| black | tɕʰem⁵¹ | *jam, *laŋ |
| bamboo | r̥ɤk⁵⁵ | *hrəŋ |
| flower | ʐaŋ⁵¹ | *raːŋ |
| fruit | pʰli⁵¹ | *pleeʔ |
| green/blue | ɬəŋ⁵¹ | *sŋaal, *ɲ(ɛ/iə)r |
| house | qaŋ⁵¹ | *gaaŋ; *ɲaaʔ; *slaŋ |
| leaf | ɬa̱²¹si̱²¹ | *hlaʔ |
| red | tɕʰɻaŋ⁵¹/tʂʰaŋ⁵¹ | *rooŋ |
| rice tree | ŋ̥ɔ̱²¹ | *sŋɔːʔ |
| taro | tɕʰɻu̱²¹ | sᵊroʔ |
| yellow | pʰɔ̃²¹ | *rmiit |
Fauna
[edit]| Gloss | Auva | proto-Palaungic |
|---|---|---|
| buffalo | tʰrak⁵¹ | *traːk |
| bear | kʰrih³¹ | *kreːs |
| bee | ɕiar⁵¹ | *psiər |
| bird | kʰuəŋ⁵¹ tɕʰim²¹ | *ciːm |
| dog | tɕʰɔ̱²¹ | *cɔːʔ |
| fowl | ʔiə̃⁵¹ | *ʔiɛr |
| horse | bra̱k⁵⁵ | *mraŋ |
| louse | dʑʰi⁵¹ | *ciːʔ |
| pig | li̱k⁵⁵ | *-leːk |
| tiger | vai⁵¹ | *rwaaj |
References
[edit]- ↑ Sidwell 2015, p. 8.
- ↑ Yunnan Gazetteer Commission [云南省地方志编纂委员会] (ed). 1998. Yunnan Provincial Gazetteer, Vol. 59: Minority Languages Orthographies Gazetteer [云南省志. 卷五十九, 少数民族语言文字志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].
- 1 2 3 Hsiu 2017a, p. 2.
- ↑ Hsiu 2017a, p. 1.
- ↑ Hsiu 2017a, p. 10.
- 1 2 3 4 Hsiu 2017a.
- Hsiu, Andrew (2017a). "The Angkuic languages: a preliminary survey [Dataset]. Zenodo. 6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (ICAAL 6), Siem Reap, Cambodia". Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. University of Hawai'i Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1127808.
- Sidwell, Paul (2015). The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon. München: Lincom Europa.
- Nanjian County Gazetteer Commission [南涧县志编纂委员会编] (ed). 1993. Nanjian County Gazetteer [南涧彝族自治县志]. Chengdu: Sichuan Reference Press [四川辞书出版社].
- Na Ruzhen [納汝珍], et al. (eds). 1994. Zhenkang County Ethnic Gazetteer [镇康县民族志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
- Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茅行暑民族事务委员会] (ed). 1990. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. m.s.
- Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茅行暑民族事务委员会] (ed). 1991. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 7222008039
- Xiao Dehua [萧德虎], et al. (eds). 1992. Zhenkang County Gazetteer [镇康县志]. 1992. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press [四川民族出版社].
- Yunnan Gazetteer Commission [云南省地方志编纂委员会] (ed). 1998. Yunnan Provincial Gazetteer, Vol. 59: Minority Languages Orthographies Gazetteer [云南省志. 卷五十九, 少数民族语言文字志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].
- Tao Yuming [陶玉明]. 2012. The Bulang people of China [中国布朗族]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民出版社].
External links
[edit]- Hsiu, Andrew (2017b). "Auva (Wendong) audio word list". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1123298.
- Angkuic lexical comparative study